Analysis of the potential use of Distributed Generation in Colombia Análisis del potencial uso de la Generación Distribuida en Colombia

Looking for the availability, access, and distribution of energy resources, the concepts of integration and distributed generation “DG” are created, it seeks to generate economic growth and prosperity, and of course, the reduction of pollutants to the environment. Under this scenario, regulatory laws have been implemented worldwide for the incentive, organization, and inclusion of 1 Facultad de Ingenierías, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Cúcuta, Colombia. Correo jhanpierorojas@ufps.edu.co ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-


INTRODUCTION
The traditional energy generation, transmission, and distribution facilities in the world face a series of challenges related to sustainability, efficiency, and scalability (IEA ETSAP & IRENA, 2015). In recent years, both in our country and throughout the world, the conservation of natural resources and protection of the environment has become vitally important, producing a strong impulse in the development of new energy generation technologies at small scales (Segura Heras, 2005), in general, those related to renewable energy sources and even more when it comes to clean energy. Clean energy refers to those forms of obtaining energy that produce zero or minimal impact on the environment during its generation or getting (Energías Limpias: Concepto, Importancia y Ejemplos, n.d.). Among the most popular are wind energy and photovoltaic solar energy, which have a high potential for obtaining in our country (Pasqualino et al., 2015).
Photovoltaic solar energy consists of the transformation of solar energy into electrical energy that can be stored and interconnected to the electrical grid (Rodríguez Murcia, 2008).
Meanwhile, the generation of electricity through wind energy consists of the use of wind power, this form of energy is one of the most driven today, in countries such as Germany where it represents 27% of the total consumption of electrical energy in which an increase of up to 45% projected to the year 2030 is forecast (Isaac et al., 2008).
With the advancement of these energies, a term called energy integration is introduced, which seeks to promote the development of transport, energy, and telecommunications infrastructures, favoring the potential of oil, gas, hydroelectric, and coal reserves (J. Martínez et al., 2013).
With energy integration, countries and their governments motivate and encourage the search for alternative technologies that guarantee sufficient access to energy resources through laws and regulatory policies, ensuring economic · 4 3 0 · growth and environmental protection (Freier, 2013). There are various works about energy generation, such as that of Serrano Guerrero, which consists of the computerized simulation of distributed resources based on energy demand, average wind speed, average area radiation, etc. (Serrano, 2012). However, works such as that of García and Palacios analyze the evolution of the integration process of the electricity sector in the Nordic countries that serve as an example of its development for the South American countries (Jairo & Mario, 2006 The DG seeks to diversify the energy basket, the reduction of fossil fuels, the minimization of the environmental impact (Cadena et al., 2008).
In addition, current energy demand forces us to search for new forms of energy generation, among which renewable energy sources are having great success (L. H. Berrío & Zuluaga, 2014), distributed generation is one of the most accepted strategies to meet the increase in demand for electricity worldwide (Gaitán et al., 2019). and smart grids emerge as a new alternative to electricity service and that in the near future they will modify the architecture of the conventional centralized system, especially distribution grids (Aguayo et al., 2011).
The importance of DG lies in the challenges that countries face in terms of centralized electricity production that is affected every day by gigantic energy demand (Ramos, 2020), and obviously, in reducing damage to the environment (Russi & Trujillo, 2015), throughout this article, a B O L E T Í N R E D I P E 1 0 ( 6 ) : 4 2 8 -4 4 0 -J U N I O 2 0 2 1 -I S S N 2 2 5 6 -1 5 3 6 · 4 3 1 · propositional approach to the areas with the greatest energy potential in the Colombian electricity generation market is presented (Kırbıyık, 2004) thus creating better solutions in terms of planning and incursion of new technologies, improvement of the quality of resources and flexibility in the energy system.

METHOD
The concept of distributed generation ( With this legal framework that continues growing, the first legal instruments for the use of unconventional energy sources are delivered.

CONTEXT -SPAIN AND ARGENTINA.
In  GWh, which represented 11.27% of the total production, and where the most important renewable technologies were wind, hydro, biomass, and photovoltaic. In Figure 1    This technology has the advantage of the cost of fuel since its fuel falls like mana from the sky, but it is considered with high installation costs and allows to feed consumptions far from distribution networks (David & Trebolle, n.d.).

WIND GENERATORS
The technology that uses wind energy has a power located in ranges from about 3KW to over 2MW. It is a technology with extensive maturity, with reliability rates close to 97%. In this  Over the years, the technology of wind turbines cost less per unit of installed energy. The cost per unit of wind energy from large-scale systems in places with adequate winds can be even much cheaper than the water energy resource.
On the other hand, these systems, whether on any scale, allow access to energy in different places; there are years of drought, but there are no years without wind. As we saw in the summary presented in Table 2, they manage a good balance between efficiency and the capacity they will generate, in addition to being clean energy.

COLOMBIAN CONTEXT
Colombia is a country that enjoys an excellent energy matrix compared to countries with similar latitudes, both in fossil fuels and in renewable resources, but its consumption is based on of distributed generation and cogeneration projects for the delivery of electrical energy from the identified opportunity areas (Valencia, 2015). Figure 2 shows the unexploited energy capacity of the different areas of the country exposed above.
From Figure 2, we see the great energy capacity