El autocuidado emocional y su relación con el malestar docente: Revisión sistemática

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

Patricia Yasmin Velandia Pérez
Zuleima Cogollo Milanés

Keywords

Autocuidado, Inteligencia emocional, Docentes, Agotamiento profesional, Estrés laboral, Revisión sistemática

Resumen

La docencia implica alta demanda emocional y exposición constante a estresores laborales. Este estudio sintetiza evidencia sobre estrategias de autocuidado emocional en docentes de educación básica y media y su relación con el malestar docente. Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo PRISMA 2020 en bases de datos internacionales, incluyendo estudios cuantitativos, cualitativos y mixtos. Se analizaron 32 investigaciones publicadas entre 2013 y 2025. Las estrategias identificadas incluyeron autorregulación individual (mindfulness y autocompasión), afrontamiento cognitivo, apoyo social e intervenciones institucionales. Los resultados muestran que estas actuaciones se asocian con menor estrés y agotamiento emocional, y mayor bienestar y autoeficacia. El autocuidado emocional emerge como factor protector clave, especialmente cuando se complementa con apoyo organizacional.

Abstract 13 | PDF Downloads 8

Referencias

Bergin, C., Tsai, C.-L., Prewett, S., Jones, E., Bergin, D. A., & Murphy, B. (2024). Effectiveness of a Social-Emotional Learning Program for Both Teachers and Students. AERA Open, 10(1), 1–17. https:// doi.org/10.1177/23328584241281284

Blázquez-Manzano, A., León-Mejía, A., Patiño-Alonso, M.-C., & Feu, S. (2021). Síndrome de burnout y apoyo social en maestros de educación primaria. Estudios sobre Educación, 42, 79–98. https://doi. org/10.15581/004.42.004

Bonde, E. H., Fjorback, L. O., Frydenberg, M., & Juul, L. (2022). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction for school teachers: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Public Health, 32(2), 246–253. https://doi. org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab223

Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., McKenzie, J. E., Mulrow, C. D., & Page, M. J. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. PLOS Medicine, 18(3), e1003583. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pmed.1003583

Brunsting, N. C., Sreckovic, M. A., & Lane, K. L. (2014). Special Education Teacher Burnout: A Synthesis of Research from 1979 to 2013. Education and Treatment of Children, 37(4), 681–711. https://doi. org/10.1353/etc.2014.0032

Carroll, A., York, A., Fynes-Clinton, S., SandersO’Connor, E., Flynn, L., Bower, J. M., Forrest, K., & Ziaei, M. (2022). The downstream effects of teacher well-being programs: A scoping review. Educational Research Review, 37, 100472. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.edurev.2022.100472

Cavioni, V., Conte, E., & Ornaghi, V. (2024). Promoting teachers’ wellbeing through a serious game intervention: A qualitative exploration of teachers’ experiences. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1339242. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpsyg.2024.1339242

Coccia, M. A., Frank, J. L., Greenberg, M. T., Jennings, P. A., & Snowberg, K. E. (2020). Improving classroom learning environments by cultivating awareness and resilience in education (CARE): Results of a randomized controlled trial. School Psychology Quarterly, 35(3), 326–336. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000362

Collie, R. J. (2021). COVID-19 and teachers’ somatic burden, stress, and emotional exhaustion: Examining the role of principal leadership and workplace buoyancy. Teaching and Teacher Education, 106, 103461. Htt

Doan, S., Steiner, E. D., Pandey, R., & Woo, A. (2023). Teacher Well-Being and Intentions to Leave: Findings from the 2023 State of the American Teacher Survey. Teacher Well-Being and Intentions to Leave: Findings from the 2023 State of the American Teacher Survey, June. https:// doi.org/10.7249/rra1108-8

Emerson, L., Hanley, P., Hudson, K., HughJones, S., Leyland, A., & Rowse, G. (2017). Teaching mindfulness to teachers: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness, 8(5), 1136–1147. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12671-017-0699-8

FitzGerald, C., O’Grady, E., & O’Sullivan, K. (2023). Perspectives of school leaders on supporting learners with special education needs during the COVID-19 pandemic: An ethic of care analysis. Educational Management Administration & Leadership. https://doi. org/10.1177/17411432231178105

Freire, C., Ferradás, M. del M., Romero, V., & Núñez, J. C. (2023). Funcionamiento psicológico adaptativo y burnout en docentes: implicaciones sobre los procesos instruccionales. Psychology, Society & Education, 15(1), 1–10. https:// doi.org/10.21071/pse.v15i1.15345

Gray, C., Wilcox, G., & Nordstokke, D. (17d. C.). Teacher mental health, school climate, inclusive education and student learning: A review. Canadian Psychology, 38(3), 203– 210. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000117